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On August 20, 1775, the Spanish founded the Royal Presidio of San Agustín del Tucsón, the origin of the city of Tucson (Arizona).

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Other Anniversaries:

  • 1813.- Spanish troops surrender to the Mexicans and hand over the town of Acapulco, a strategic point in the Mexican War of Independence.
  • 1820.- The expedition led by General San Martín sets sail from the port of Valparaíso (Chile) to gain independence from Peru.
  • 1847.- American troops under General Winfield Scott defeat Mexican troops at the end of the Battle of Padierna during the war between Mexico and the United States.
  • 1866.- US President Andrew Johnson formally declares the end of the American Civil War.
  • 1911.- “The New York Times” sends the first commercial telegram that travels around the world to test how long it takes to transmit, and it did so in 16.5 minutes.
  • 1920.-Detroit (USA) station 8 MK makes the world’s first radio broadcasts.
  • 1935.- The Ecuadorian Army carries out a coup d’état and ends the first presidency of José María Velasco Ibarra.
  • 1940.- Leon Trotsky suffers an attack at the hands of the Spaniard Ramón Mercader, who stabs him in the head with an ice axe, in his house in Mexico where he lived in exile.
  • 1968.- Soviet troops from the Warsaw Pact invade Czechoslovakia and put an end to the “Prague Spring”, which had begun seven months earlier.
  • 1975.- The robotic space probe “Viking 1” is launched in the US to explore the surface of Mars.
  • 1977.- NASA launches the Voyager II space probe, the only spacecraft to have visited the two giant planets: Uranus and Neptune.
  • 1989.- Nearly 60 dead when a pleasure boat collided with the dredger “Bowbelle” on the Thames, as it passed through London.
  • 1991.- The Estonian Parliament proclaims its independence from the USSR.
  • 1992.- The Jordanian Parliament legalizes multi-party politics following the democratic opening promoted by King Hussein in 1989.
  • 1993.- Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and PLO number two Mahmoud Abbas secretly decide in Oslo to apply autonomy in Gaza and Jericho, making it the first Israeli-Palestinian agreement, which was signed in Washington on September 13.
  • 1995.- Leaders of the seven factions involved in Liberia’s first civil war sign a peace agreement and a return to democracy.
  • 2005.- Cuba and Panama reestablish diplomatic relations, broken in August 2004.
  • 2008.- 154 dead when a Spanair plane bound for Gran Canaria crashed while it was about to begin take-off manoeuvres at Madrid-Barajas airport.
  • 2014.- General Rudy Ortiz, Chief of the Guatemalan Defense Staff, dies in an air accident in Huehuetenango (Guatemala).
  • 2015.- The French National Front expels its co-founder, Jean-Marie Le Pen, from the party for saying that the gas chambers in Nazi concentration camps are a detail of history.
  • 2018.- NASA confirms the presence of water ice on the Moon.
  • 2020.- Russia’s main opposition leader Alexei Navalny is poisoned on his return trip to Moscow from the Siberian city of Tomsk. He will survive in a German hospital.
  • 2021.- Mexico confirms that a Massachusetts court has accepted its historic lawsuit against several US arms companies for arms trafficking.
  • 2022.- The brother of former Peruvian President Ollanta Humala (2011-16), former military man Antauro Humala, has been released from prison after serving 17 years in prison and two years of serving part of his sentence through work and studies.
  • 2023.- Ecuador decides in a historic plebiscite to stop oil exploitation in Block 43-ITT, one of the most important in the country, located in the Yasuní National Park (The Amazon).

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BIRTHS

  • 1778.- Bernardo O’Higgins, hero and architect of Chile’s independence.
  • 1901.- Salvatore Quasimodo, Italian poet, Nobel Prize-1959.
  • 1935.- Francisco Valladares, Spanish actor.
  • 1937.- José Luis Cantero “El Fary”, Spanish singer.
  • 1941.- Slobodan Milosevic, former president of Serbia.
  • 1944.- Rajiv Gandhi, Indian politician.
  • 1946.- Laurent Fabius, French politician.
  • 1948.- Robert Plant, singer of “Led Zeppelin”.
  • 1992.- Demi Lovato, American actress and singer.

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DEATHS

  • 1572.- Miguel López de Legazpi, conqueror of the Philippines.
  • 1854.- Joseph Schelling, German philosopher.
  • 1914.- Pope Pius X.
  • 1915.- Paul Erlich, German doctor and researcher.
  • 1917.- Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize winner.
  • 1994.- Linus Pauling, American, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954 and Peace Prize 1962.
  • 2006.- Joe Rosenthal, American photographer and war reporter. Pulitzer Prize winner for photography
  • 2012.- Tony Scott, British filmmaker.
  • 2017.- Jerry Lewis, American comedian.
  • 2018.- Andrés Aylwin, Chilean Christian Democrat politician.
  • 2021.- Arturo Cuenca, Cuban visual artist and conceptual painter
  • 2023.- Daniel Cohen, French economist specializing in sovereign debt.



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