He November 1, 1995eighteen months after ending the policy of “apartheid” in South Africa, the president’s African National Congress party Nelson Mandela wins the country’s first multiracial municipal elections.
OTHER ANIMALS
1700.- King Charles II dies in Madrid, without succession, and the Habsburg dynasty in Spain ends.
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1755.- Great earthquake in Lisbon followed by a tsunami that devastated the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. There were about 100,000 dead and most of the Portuguese capital was destroyed.
1824.- The first section of Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, New York, was inaugurated.
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1878.- “El Bien Público” is founded in Montevideo, the oldest newspaper in Uruguay.
1918.- The State of Ukraine is proclaimed after becoming independent from the Russian Empire.
1919.- The Madrid Metro, whose official inauguration had been on October 17, opens to the public. Its first journey, four kilometers between Sol and Cuatro Caminos. The tickets cost 15 or 20 peseta cents, depending on whether they were first or second class.
1922.- A coup d’état in Türkiye, led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, ends the Ottoman Empire.
1943.- Soviet troops land in Crimea and occupy the city of Simferopol.
1950.- Pope Pius XII proclaims the dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary.
1954.- Algeria’s war of independence against French colonization begins.
1962.- The USSR launches the Mars 1 spacecraft to Mars, the first destined for the red planet.
1968.- British musician George Harrison, member of ‘The Beatles’, presents “Wonderwall Music”, his first solo album.
1977.- In Spain, Don Felipe de Borbón receives in Covadonga the attributes that accredit him as Prince of Asturias, a title inherent to the heir of the Spanish Crown.
1981.- Antigua and Barbuda becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
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1993.- The Maastricht Treaty of the European Union (EU) comes into force, activating the mechanism towards the single currency.
1996.- The Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, founded the Arab satellite television network Al Jazeera.
2003.- The Spanish Royal House announces the marriage engagement of the Prince of Asturias, Felipe de Borbón, with the Asturian journalist Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano.
2006.- The main unions in the world found the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) in Vienna (Austria).
2019.- Christine Lagarde becomes the first female president of the European Central Bank (ECB).
2024.- The Government of Australia eliminates the reference to Charles III of England, its Head of State, from the ‘Great Seal’, the official symbol of sovereignty.
BIRTH
1923.- Victoria de los Ángeles, Spanish soprano.
1933.- Ramón Tamames, Spanish economist and politician.
1934.- Humberto Agnelli, Italian magnate.
1943.- Salvatore Adamo, Italian singer.
1955.- Maribel Martín, Spanish actress.
1965.- Gemma Nierga, Spanish journalist.
1980.- Daniel Rovira de Rivas, “Dani Rovira”, Spanish actor.
DEATHS
1993.- Severo Ochoa, Spanish biochemist who became an American citizen, Nobel Prize winner in 1959.
2001.- Juan Bosch, former Dominican president.
2006.- William Styron, American writer.
2007.- Paul Tibbets, American pilot of the plane that dropped the first atomic bomb.
2009.- Alda Merini, Italian poet.
2012.- Agustín García Calvo, Spanish writer and translator.
2020.- Pedro Iturralde Ochoa, Spanish saxophonist and composer.
2024.- Mirta Acuña Baravalle, Argentine activist.
