In a July 18but in 1994, the war in Rwandawhere there was a genocide of nearly a million Tutsis and moderate Hutus, and the attack against the Argentine Mutual Association (AMIA) in Buenos Aireswhich left 85 people dead and more than 300 injured.
1870.- Pontifical infallibility is approved during the first Vatican Council, with Pius IX.
1873.- Nicolás Salmerón is elected president of the First Spanish Republic.
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1898.- Pierre and Marie Curie discover polonium, originally called Radius F.
1914.- Mahatma Gandhi leaves South Africa after fighting for the rights of his compatriots who emigrated there.
1925.- The first volume of Hitler’s book ‘Mein Kampf’ (‘My Struggle’) is published in Berlin.
1936.- The coup d’état against the Spanish Republic on the peninsula begins. The President of the Government, Santiago Casares, resigns.
1936.- Mafioso Lucky Luciano is sentenced to 30 to 50 years for pimping. He accepted his deportation to Italy after collaborating in World War II.
1947.- George VI of the United Kingdom sanctions the law of Independence of British India, which divides it into two countries: India and Pakistan.
1968.- Constitution of the microprocessor company NM Electronics, later Integrated Electronics (Intel).
1976.- The Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci, 14 years old, the first woman to achieve 10 on uneven bars at the Montreal Games, notices that she repeats it six more times in the tournament.
1988.- Iran accepts UN resolution 598 on the ceasefire in the war it has had since 1980 with Iraq, who admits it on August 8.
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1991.- The I Ibero-American Summit begins in Guadalajara (Mexico), with the participation of the leaders of the 21 countries.
1994.- Attack against the Argentine Mutualist Association (AMIA) in Buenos Aires. 85 people die and more than 300 are injured.
1994.- The Rwandan Patriotic Front communicates to the UN the end of the war after its victory. There was genocide of about a million Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
2009.- Presidential elections in Mauritania, with victory of the coup general Mohamed Uld Abdelaziz. He remained in office until 2019.
2017.- Ángel María Villar, president of the Spanish Football Federation, is arrested and imprisoned in an anti-corruption operation.
2018.- The European Commission imposes a fine of 4,343 million euros on Google for using its Android operating system to strengthen the dominance of its search engine.
2021.- Global scandal over the Pegasus program, used by governments to spy on communications.
2023.- Former president of Panama Ricardo Martinelli is sentenced to 10 years in prison for money laundering.
1888.- Margarita Xirgú, Spanish actress.
1918.- Nelson Mandela, former South African president
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1921.- John Herschel Glenn, first American astronaut to orbit the Earth (1962).
1927.- Kurt Masur, German orchestra conductor.
1932.- Yevgueni A. Yevtushenko, Russian poet.
1946.- Michael Czerny, Czech cardinal and prefect of the Holy See.
1947.- Steve Forbes, American editor and politician.
1950.- Richard Branson, British founder of the Virgin group.
1958.- Nuccio Ordine, Italian philosopher and humanist.
1566.- Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish friar, defender of the American Indians.
1721.- Antoine Watteau, French painter.
1817.- Jane Austen, British writer.
1872.- Benito Juárez, former Mexican president.
1909.- Carlos María Borbón y Austria-Este, Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain.
1993.- Jean Negulesco, American filmmaker.
2000.- José Ángel Valente, Spanish poet.
2020.- Juan Marsé, Spanish writer.
